"Ohio is bounded on the north by Lake Erie." Unfortunately for Chomsky's proposal, this is not so. The reasoning here is that we need to explain the "fact" that only verbs that are subcategorized to co-occur with manner adverbs can be passivized. This is argued by Chomsky in Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. It may become part of a manner adverb with "by". This is argued by McCawley in The Syntactic Phenomena of English.
It may not be represented overtly at all, in which case the original subject was an abstract thing called "UNSPEC" (short for unspecified). What happens to the former subject is a more interesting question. Number agreement with the verb and subject raising from complement sentences, for instance. That is clear - the new subject has all the properties one could reasonably associate with a subject. The former object becomes the new subject.
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